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Что (кто) такое refrigerated transportation - определение
![1925 GWR Mica A ice-chilled van as preserved at [[Didcot Railway Centre]]. Preserved as a Tevan used for non-refrigerated perishable traffic such as dried tea](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/GWR wagon X7 77933.jpg?width=200 "1925 GWR Mica A ice-chilled van as preserved at [[Didcot Railway Centre]]. Preserved as a Tevan used for non-refrigerated perishable traffic such as dried tea")
![[[Illinois Central Railroad]] #14713, a ventilated fruit car dating from 1893](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Illinois Central Railroad 14713.jpg?width=200 "[[Illinois Central Railroad]] #14713, a ventilated fruit car dating from 1893")
![[[Anheuser-Busch]] was one of the first companies to transport beer nationwide using railroad refrigerator cars.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Reefers-shorty-Anheuser-Busch-Malt-Nutrine ACF builders photo pre-1911.jpg?width=200 "[[Anheuser-Busch]] was one of the first companies to transport beer nationwide using railroad refrigerator cars.")
![A [[builder's photo]] of one of the first refrigerator cars to come out of the [[Detroit]] plant of the [[American Car and Foundry Company]] (ACF), built for the [[Swift Refrigerator Line]] in 1899](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Swift Refrigerator Line car, 1899.jpg?width=200 "A [[builder's photo]] of one of the first refrigerator cars to come out of the [[Detroit]] plant of the [[American Car and Foundry Company]] (ACF), built for the [[Swift Refrigerator Line]] in 1899")
![Lake Saint Clair]], ''circa'' 1905. The ice was cut into blocks and hauled by wagon to a cold storage warehouse, and held until needed](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ice Harvesting on Lake St Clair Michigan circa 1905--photograph courtesy Detroit Publishing Company.jpg?width=200 "Lake Saint Clair]], ''circa'' 1905. The ice was cut into blocks and hauled by wagon to a cold storage warehouse, and held until needed")
![This engraving of Tiffany's original "Summer and Winter Car" appeared in the ''Railroad Gazette'' just before Joel Tiffany received his refrigerator car patent in July, 1877. Tiffany's design mounted the ice tank in a [[clerestory]] atop the car's roof, and relied on a train's motion to circulate cool air throughout the cargo space](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tiffany RRG 1877.jpg?width=200 "This engraving of Tiffany's original \"Summer and Winter Car\" appeared in the ''Railroad Gazette'' just before Joel Tiffany received his refrigerator car patent in July, 1877. Tiffany's design mounted the ice tank in a [[clerestory]] atop the car's roof, and relied on a train's motion to circulate cool air throughout the cargo space")
![ACF]], ''circa'' 1898. The car had a single, centrally located ice bunker which was said to offer better cold air distribution. The two segregated cold rooms were well suited for less-than-carload (LCL) shipments](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Reefers-shorty-ATSF-CM-type-1898-cyc ACF builders photo.jpg?width=200 "ACF]], ''circa'' 1898. The car had a single, centrally located ice bunker which was said to offer better cold air distribution. The two segregated cold rooms were well suited for less-than-carload (LCL) shipments")
![''Neptune'']], a 19th-century [[convict ship]] that brought prisoners to Australia](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Convict ship Neptune00.jpg?width=200 "''Neptune'']], a 19th-century [[convict ship]] that brought prisoners to Australia")
![This notice on a bridge in [[Dorset]] warns that damage to the bridge can be punished by transportation.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dorset Sturminster Newton Bridge notice.jpg?width=200 "This notice on a bridge in [[Dorset]] warns that damage to the bridge can be punished by transportation.")
![Ireland Island]], [[Bermuda]], showing [[prison hulk]]s](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ireland Island Woodcut.jpg?width=200 "Ireland Island]], [[Bermuda]], showing [[prison hulk]]s")
![[[Joseph Lycett]], an artist transported for forging bank notes, ''The residence of Edward Riley Esquire, Wooloomooloo, Near Sydney N. S. W.'', 1825, hand-coloured [[aquatint]] and etching printed in dark blue ink. Australian print in the tradition of British decorative production.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Joseph Lycett - The residence of Edward Riley Esquire, Wooloomooloo, Near Sydney N. S. W. - Google Art Project.jpg?width=200 "[[Joseph Lycett]], an artist transported for forging bank notes, ''The residence of Edward Riley Esquire, Wooloomooloo, Near Sydney N. S. W.'', 1825, hand-coloured [[aquatint]] and etching printed in dark blue ink. Australian print in the tradition of British decorative production.")
Википедия
A refrigerator car (or "reefer") is a refrigerated boxcar (U.S.), a piece of railroad rolling stock designed to carry perishable freight at specific temperatures. Refrigerator cars differ from simple insulated boxcars and ventilated boxcars (commonly used for transporting fruit), neither of which are fitted with cooling apparatus. Reefers can be ice-cooled, come equipped with any one of a variety of mechanical refrigeration systems, or utilize carbon dioxide (either as dry ice, or in liquid form) as a cooling agent. Milk cars (and other types of "express" reefers) may or may not include a cooling system, but are equipped with high-speed trucks and other modifications that allow them to travel with passenger trains.
